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Cooling Water

Source: R/datasets.R
CoolingWater.Rd

Temperature of a mug of water as it cools.

Usage

data(CoolingWater1)

data(CoolingWater2)

data(CoolingWater3)

data(CoolingWater4)

Format

A data frame with the following variables.

time

time in seconds

temp

temperature in Celsius (CoolingWater1, CoolingWater2) or Fahrenheit (CoolingWater3, CoolingWater4)

Source

These data were collected by Stan Wagon and his students at Macelester College to explore Newton's Law of Cooling and the ways that the law fails to capture all of the physics involved in cooling water. CoolingWater1 and CoolingWater2 appeared in a plot in Wagon (2013) and were (approximatley) extracted from the plot. CoolingWater3 and CoolingWater4 appeared in a plot in Wagon (2005). The data in CoolingWater2 and CoolingWater4 were collected with a film of oil on the surface of the water to minimize evaporation.

References

  • R. Portmann and S. Wagon. "How quickly does hot water cool?" Mathematica in Education and Research, 10(3):1-9, July 2005.

  • R. Israel, P. Saltzman, and S. Wagon. "Cooling coffee without solving differential equations". Mathematics Magazine, 86(3):204-210, 2013.

Examples

data(CoolingWater1)
data(CoolingWater2)
data(CoolingWater3)
data(CoolingWater4)
if (require(ggformula)) {
  gf_line(
    temp ~ time, color = ~ condition, 
    data = rbind(CoolingWater1, CoolingWater2))
}

if (require(ggformula)) {
  gf_line(
    temp ~ time, color = ~ condition, 
    data = rbind(CoolingWater3, CoolingWater4))
}